BIOGRAPHY INDIRA GHANDY

BIOGRAPHY INDIRA GHANDY

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi is the only daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala. His father was an active member of the Indian Independence Movement and the first Prime Minister of India. He himself is the first female prime minister in India.

(Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi adalah putri tunggal dari Kamala dan Jawaharlal Nehru. Ayahnya adalah anggota aktif Gerakan Kemerdekaan India dan Perdana Menteri India pertama. Ia sendiri adalah perdana menteri wanita pertama di India.)

Indira Gandhi was educated in Switzerland and the Somerville College, Oxford. When his mother died in 1936 he returned to India. Since that time he was active in the Indian national movement and a member of the Indian National Congress. There she met her husband, Feroze Gandhi.

(Indira Gandhi mengenyam pendidikan di Swiss dan Somerville College, Oxford. Ketika ibunya meninggal pada tahun 1936 ia pulang ke India. Sejak saat itu ia aktif dalam gerakan nasional India dan menjadi anggota Kongres Nasional India. Di sana ia bertemu suaminya, Feroze Gandhi.)

In 1959, Indira Gandhi was elected President of the Indian National Congress. After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, he decided to follow the elections and eventually elected. He was assigned to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India. After Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died in 1966, India's Congress appointed him as Prime Minister.

(Pada tahun 1959, Indira Gandhi terpilih sebagai Presiden Kongres Nasional India. Setelah kematian Jawaharlal Nehru, ia memutuskan untuk mengikuti pemilihan umum dan akhirnya terpilih. Ia ditugaskan di Departemen Informasi dan Penyiaran India. Setelah perdana Menteri Lal Bahadur Shastri meninggal pada tahun 1966, Kongres India menunjuknya sebagai Perdana Menteri.)

On his tenure Indira Gandhi succeeded in bringing major changes in farm programs so as to reduce poverty country. Gandhi also signed the Shimla Agreement to resolve the Kashmir dispute peacefully. Besides, he also led a movement called the Green Revolution to address the chronic food shortage in Punjab.

(Pada masa jabatannya Indira Gandhi berhasil membawa perubahan besar dalam program pertanian sehingga mampu menurunkan angka kemiskinan negaranya. Gandhi juga menandatangani Perjanjian Shimla untuk menyelesaikan sengketa Kashmir secara damai. Selain itu ia juga memimpin sebuah gerakan yang disebut Revolusi Hijau untuk mengatasi kekurangan pangan kronis di Punjab.)

Although it has brought a lot of progress Indira Gandhi criticized for rising inflation, the country's economic poverty, and corruption. Public anger against him push it declared a state of emergency due to the turbulent political situation in India. Indira Gandhi was defeated in the next election and then jailed.

(Meskipun telah membawa banyak kemajuan Indira Gandhi dikritik atas inflasi yang meningkat, kemiskinan ekonomi negara, dan korupsi. Kemarahan rakyat terhadap dirinya mendorong ia mengumumkan keadaan darurat karena situasi politik yang bergolak di India. Indira Gandhi kalah dalam pemilihan berikutnya dan kemudian dipenjara.)

During the 1980 growing Sikh separatist movement in India. Indira Gandhi tried to suppress this movement. In September 1981 the separatists have staged a campaign inside the Golden Temple in Amitsar. Indira ordered 70,000 troops to enter the sacred space. In this operation more than 450 people died. This operation increases the tension in India at that time and trigger shooting at Indira Gandhi by Satwant Singh and Beant Singh on October 31, 1984.

(Selama tahun 1980 gerakan separatis Sikh berkembang di India. Indira Gandhi berusaha menekan gerakan ini. Pada bulan September 1981 kelompok separatis ini menggelar kampanye di dalam Kuil Emas di Amitsar. Indira memerintahkan 70.000 tentara untuk masuk ke ruang suci. Dalam operasi ini lebih dari 450 orang meninggal. Operasi ini meningkatkan ketegangan di India pada masa itu dan memicu penembakan pada Indira Gandhi oleh satwant Singh dan Beant Singh pada tanggal 31 Oktober 1984.)    

Research and analysis by Ratri Adityarani:
Last Update: March 24, 2014
EDUCATION
    Visva-Bharati University
     University of Oxford

CAREER
    Indian Prime Minister (1966-1977 and 1980-1984)
     Indian External Affairs Minister (1967-1969 and March 1984- October 1984)
    Secretary of Defense (November 1975 - December 1975 and 1980 to 1982)
    Minister of Home Affairs of India (1970-1973)
    Indian Finance Minister (1969-1970)

(Riset dan Analisa oleh Ratri Adityarani

Last Update: 24 Maret 2014

PENDIDIKAN

    Visva-Bharati University

     University of Oxford

KARIR

    Perdana Menteri India (1966-1977 dan 1980-1984)

     Menteri Urusan Eksternal India (1967-1969 dan Maret 1984- Oktober 1984)

    Menteri Pertahanan (November 1975 - Desember 1975 dan 1980-1982)

    Menteri Urusan Dalam Negeri India (1970-1973)

    Menteri Keuangan India (1969-1970))